All are potential complications from the use of a BVM, except:

• A. Bronchoconstriction
• B. Gastric Distention
• C. Aspiration
• D. Barotrauma

Answer: (A)

Bag-valve mask ventilation carries risks tied to positive-pressure breaths: air can be pushed into the stomach, raising gastric distention and the chance of vomiting and aspiration; excessive pressures or volumes can overinflate the lungs, causing barotrauma such as pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum; and these issues collectively heighten aspiration risk. Bronchoconstriction, however, is not a direct complication of using a BVM—it's typically related to the patient’s underlying airway disease or external irritants, not the ventilatory device itself. To minimize these risks, maintain a good mask seal, ventilate with appropriate volumes and pressures, preoxygenate, and secure the airway promptly if indicated.